内容: The rising prevalence of food allergy is a global concern, especially as children are more susceptible to developing anaphylaxis than adults. Food-induced anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, imposes a healthcare burden in many Asian countries. While literature on food allergy in Asia is limited and heterogeneous, the prevalence shows an upward trend. In contrast, food allergy in developing countries is often overlooked as a health issue. China, with its vast population and landmass, is experiencing notable shifts in food allergy patterns. Unlike Western countries where tree nuts are common triggers, wheat, seafood, and fruits increasingly provoke allergic reactions among the Chinese population. Various diagnostic methods for food allergy were employed in China; however, the lack of a standardized approach presents challenges for effective management. In the future, it is essential to develop efficient and convenient detection methods while utilizing big data for extensive epidemiological investigations and clinical studies to address the complex health issue of food allergy.

内容: The oral ecosystem (OE) is a critical yet underexplored interface where food components interact with host physiology to shape flavor perception. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on OE-flavor interactions through a hierarchical framework: 1) oral secretion-mediated flavor release and modification; 2) microbiota-driven flavor biotransformation; and 3) dynamic feedback loops between oral secretion and oral microbiota. We further critically evaluate emerging strategies for precision OE modulation, focusing on natural bioactives that target specific microbial guilds. Furthermore, we propose additional efforts in integrating multi-omics profiling with machine learning algorithms for data-driven personalized OE modulation. This work provides actionable insights into OE-tailored strategies in developing future foods with enhanced sensory experiences.

内容: Nomilin is a type of limonoid primarily found in citrus fruits. It is a triterpenoid compound that has gained significant attention recently due to its diverse biological activities. This review summarizes the methods of extraction and the biological activities of nomilin. Various extraction techniques, including traditional solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, have been applied for its separation and purification. Among these, supercritical fluid extraction has shown great potential due to its efficiency and environmental benefits. Regarding biological activities, studies have demonstrated that nomilin shows anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and blood glucose-regulating properties. Specific mechanisms include inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through modulation of cell signaling pathways, suppression of inflammatory responses, delay of aging through radical scavenging, and improvement of metabolic syndrome via modulation of metabolic pathways. Moreover, the potential applications of nomilin in food, medicine, and healthcare products have been extensively discussed. In conclusion, nomilin, as a natural compound, presents multiple potential health benefits, and further advancements in its extraction methods and bioactivity research will support its practical applications.

内容: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a crucial connection that enables bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite and an important gastrointestinal signaling molecule. Kynurenine and indole derivatives mediate the central nervous system, thereby affecting neurological diseases. The gut microbiota has direct or indirect impact on Trp metabolism. Different genera of gut microbiota affect Trp metabolites in different ways, thus changing the communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights the triangular relationship between the GBA, Trp metabolism, and gut microbiota and summarizes the types of relevant gut microbiota genera involved in this triangular relationship. By modulating the gut microbiota through probiotics, dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and other methods, improving Trp metabolism and thereby influencing metabolites provides potential targets for treating GBA-related diseases.

内容: Bioactive compounds play a crucial role in various industries. Natural plants are abundant sources of these compounds, spanning diverse chemical classes such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, each offering unique therapeutic properties. Efficient extraction of these compounds from natural plant sources is essential, yet challenging due to the variability in compound distribution, matrix complexity, and the need for environmentally sustainable practices. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has emerged as a promising green technology for extracting bioactive compounds from natural sources, utilizing water as a solvent to obviate environmental and health risks associated with organic solvents. SWE enables simultaneous extraction of both polar and non-polar compounds, offering versatility for diverse phytochemical profiles. Recent studies have shown that SWE can effectively extract a wide range of bioactive compounds and improved compound purity compared to other traditional mothed. Its principles and mechanisms highlight advantages over conventional methods, notably reduced organic solvent dependence, shorter extraction durations, and heightened selectivity. However, despite its many advantages, challenges remain. These include optimizing extraction parameters for different plant matrices, ensuring scalability for industrial applications, and addressing the thermal sensitivity of certain bioactive compounds under high temperatures. Furthermore, equipment costs and process optimization for large-scale extractions still pose limitations. Nonetheless, SWE’s ability to minimize environmental impact while enhancing extraction efficiency makes it a compelling alternative to conventional techniques. This manuscript will focus on the recent advancements in SWE for plant extraction which underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine extraction protocols, scale-up processes, and explore potential synergies by integrating SWE with complementary methods or modifications. Ultimately, this review discusses the efficacy of SWE as a sustainable and efficient approach for extracting bioactive compounds from plants, offering invaluable guidance to researchers and industries engaged in natural product extraction, thereby facilitating enhanced utilization of botanical resources.

内容: Vitamin B6, a vital micronutrient acquired through dietary intake, plays a crucial role in numerous enzymatic reactions within the human body. Despite its significance, deficiencies in vitamin B6 remain prevalent and are linked to a spectrum of chronic and acute diseases. This review explored the intricate relationships between vitamin B6 metabolism and various diseases, focusing on cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and COVID-19-related complications. We highlighted the mechanistic roles of pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, in processes such as inflammation modulation, homocysteine regulation, and oxidative stress mitigation. By synthesizing recent advances in both clinical and preclinical studies, this paper underscores the therapeutic potential of vitamin B6 while advocating for personalized nutritional interventions tailored to individual health profiles. Our findings aim to inform future research, foster targeted disease prevention strategies, and optimize the safe use of vitamin B6 as part of a balanced nutritional approach.

内容: The quality of fermented vegetables is fundamentally driven by the microbiome. Although sequencing technologies have revealed patterns of microbial diversity in fermented vegetables across diverse geographic regions, production practices, and fermentation periods, the understanding of microbial community composition and interaction dynamics remains incomplete. Furthermore, achieving precise control over the fermentation process is still challenging. This review examines the current state of microbial succession patterns in kimchi, paocai, suansun fermented mustard and cucumber, emphasizing critical challenges in microbial control and identifying key factors influencing community dynamics, including synergistic and competitive interactions. It also presents emerging technologies in microbial spoilage prevention, aiming to enhance microbiome-informed process control. Additionally, the review assesses metabolic pathways and sensory characteristics of fermented vegetables and highlights health risks associated with compounds like sodium nitrite, biogenic amines, and harmful microorganisms. The integration of synthetic functional microbial communities is discussed as a promising approach to improve fermentation quality. Finally, the potential for digital tools such as machine learning and industrial robotics to standardize production processes and improve quality control is addressed, highlighting future directions and practical implications for the industry. Overall, these insights support a foundation for interdisciplinary research and sustainable development in the fermented vegetable industry.

内容: In this work, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer with good adsorption capacity and a 2-methylimidazole (MI)-Cu-guanosine 5’-monophosphoric acid (GMP) nanozyme with high catalysis activity were first synthesized. Then, using the imprinted polymer as biomimetic antibody and the MI-Cu-GMP nanozyme as label, a novel direct competitive biomimetic enzyme-linked immunoassay (BELISA) method was established for the sensitive detection of acrylamide in foods. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD, IC15) and sensitivity (IC50) of the BELISA method towards acrylamide were 0.02 and 4.52 mg/L, respectively. The BELISA method was successfully applied for acrylamide detection in spike potato crisp samples, with recoveries ranging from 87.50% to 106.67% being obtained. Further, the levels of acrylamide in coffee, fried dough twists and biscuit samples were determined by the BELISA and high performance liquid chromatography, with no significant difference found between the results of the two methods. This work thus introduces a novel, fast and accurate method for acrylamide detection in foods.

内容: Platelet apoptosis is crucial for initiating atherothrombosis and is primarily induced by circulating oxidized lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) particles under hyperlipidemic conditions. Panax notoginseng has excellent medicinal and food dual-use characteristics. P. notoginseng saponins (PNS), the primary active ingredients extracted from the roots of P. notoginseng, are widely used as nutritional supplements owing to their multiple health benefits. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PNS in platelet apoptosis under hyperlipidemic conditions in vitro and in vivo. In vitro assays demonstrated that PNS attenuated platelet mitochondrial dysfunction (loss of mitochondrial membrane potential) and subsequent apoptosis (caspase-9/-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure) in ox-LDL-stimulated human platelets. Mechanistically, PNS activated cAMP/PKA signaling, leading to decreased NOX2-mediated oxidative stress, and the resultant inhibition of platelet apoptosis. Moreover, 12-week supplementation of PNS (0.02% diet) in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice also significantly alleviated platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in vivo. Studies using pharmacological inhibitors of PKA and NOX2 demonstrated that the efficacy of PNS on platelet dysfunction in mice was primarily modulated by the up-regulation of cAMP/PKA signaling and the resultant inhibition of NOX2-dependent oxidative stress. Thus, these results suggest that PNS attenuate oxidative stress-mediated platelet apoptosis under hyperlipidemic conditions by up-regulating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Our study elucidated a possible novel strategy of involving the use of PNS to prevent atherothrombosis in hyperlipidemia.

内容: Tartary buckwheat flour is esteemed for its high nutritional value and price, yet it is susceptible to adulteration in the market. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), commonly utilized for nutrient content detection, has recently been applied to authenticate food products This study collected near-infrared spectral data from adulterated samples of whole wheat flour, oat flour, soybean flour, barley flour, and sorghum flour in tartary buckwheat. Utilizing partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), and back-propagation neural network (BPNN), we predicted the adulterant content in tartary buckwheat. The results demonstrated that the BPNN algorithm, with an determination coefficient of prediction exceeding 0.97 and root mean square error of prediction below 0.02, surpassed the PLSR and SVR models in predicting adulterated crop flour, showcasing superior accuracy and generalization capabilities. This integration of NIRS and BPNN proved effective for the quantitative analysis of crop flours in tartary buckwheat, exhibiting robust predictive performance and rapid detection of adulteration in agricultural products.