Globally, hyperuricemia is a growing health, social, and economic problem which could cause gout, chronic kidney diseases and other diseases. There are increasing evidences that a sensible diet makes sense to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia. This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of dietary factors and effects of dietary types associated with hyperuricemia. Recommendations for dietary modification to prevent hyperuricemia are as following: decreasing intake of animal organs, seafood, sugar-sweetened, and alcohol beverages is essential; choosing water or unsweetened tea and coffee instead of sweetened beverages is beneficial; and increasing intake of vegetables, reduced-fat dairy products, foods containing fiber, micronutrients and unsaturated fatty acids is helpful. In addition, consumption of fruits and legumes in moderation is advantageous, and low-fructose of fruits and low-purine of non-soy beans are recommended. Moreover, personalized diet needs to be emphasized for hyperuricemic patients accompanied with diverse metabolic diseases.