IEC是一种利用生物胺和基质组分的静电特性差异来实现检测的色谱方法。具体地,具有不同静电性质的物质可以通过对离子交换树脂的不同亲和力而有效地分离。在IEC中,电导率检测器通常用作检测器。例如,有研究报道了一种基于电导检测器的IEC方法,用于同时测定肉制品和熏鱼中的组胺、酪胺、苯乙胺、尸胺和腐胺。在优化条件下,该方法对5种生物胺的检出限为0.056~0.071 mg/L,定量限为0.19~3.27 mg/L。该方法不需要衍生化步骤,样品制备简单,环境友好。除常用的电导检测器外,脉冲安培检测器也是近年来广泛使用的检测器。然而,在电极表面上形成的金属氧化物将产生巨大的背景信号。因此,研制了集成脉冲安培检测器。集成脉冲安培检测器的优点在于,通过消除氧化物形成和还原的电荷,氧化物形成对基线的影响被极大地最小化。还有研究开发了一种基于集成脉冲安培检测器的方法。与脉冲安培检测器相比,该方法可适用于更大数量的分析物和基质,并表现出较低的LOD(1.25~2.50 ng)。有文献报道使用浓核光散射检测器检测鱼肉中的组胺、腐胺和尸胺。浓核光散射检测器是一种通用的检测方法,其仅依赖于分析物相对于移动的相的不挥发性,并且不需要分析物的电化学活性或分析物的衍生化。因此,该方法简单快速,无需衍生化,分析物的LOD为8~20 ng/mL。
导电聚合物由于其优异的导电性也通常用作工作电极的改性材料。研究人员以聚(3-己基噻吩)为敏感材料修饰电极制备气敏传感器。空气中的氧氧化聚(3-己基噻吩)并产生一定水平的空穴载流子。当聚(3-己基噻吩)链吸收胺气体时,胺与硫原子反应并形成极化子以还原聚合物链。因此,聚(3-己基噻吩)中空穴载流子的量减少,这将导致电导的降低。该传感器可用于检测三甲胺的LOD低至500 ppb。还有研究人员设计了一种基于聚苯胺/锌卟啉复合物的氨传感器。在这篇论文中,氨分子作为电子供体,被吸收到共轭聚苯胺系统,分子链的电子云密度的增加导致电荷载流子浓度的降低和传感器电阻的增加。氨的LOD为1.17×10-6,这表明,锌卟啉作为“桥梁”,促进了电子从氨分子转移到聚苯胺分子链。因此,感测性能显著提高。近年来,结合蓝牙、射频识别和近场通信等无线技术开发气体传感器已成为一种持续的趋势。它可以方便地读取测量的浓度,而且安装成本低。研究人员将对甲苯磺酸六水合物掺杂到胺敏聚苯胺中,并将其用作生物胺无线传感器的开关。随着氨水浓度的增加,聚苯胺/对甲苯磺酸六水合物复合膜的电阻增大,反射系数(S11)减小。这是因为胺类化合物可以作为还原剂向聚苯胺/对甲苯磺酸盐提供一个孤电子,从而使聚苯胺/对甲苯磺酸盐的电阻显著增加。通过分析聚苯胺/对甲苯磺酸六水合物的电阻,氨的检出限为5×10-6,可以实现肉类样品中的腐胺和尸胺的检测。
Yanan Liua, Yongqiang Heb, Huan Lia, Donghui Jiaa, Linglin Fua, Jian Chena, Dequan Zhangc, Yanbo Wanga,d,*
a Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
b The Technical Center of Hangzhou Customs of China, Hangzhou 310016, China
c National Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
d School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
*Corresponding authors.
Abstract
Biogenic amine is one of the main categories of hazardous compounds in meat and meat products, making its detection methods vital for the assurance of edible safety. In this sense, many biogenic amine detection techniques such as chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical methods have been developed, which play an irreplaceable role in ensuring the safety of meat and meat products. Due to the increasing demand for fast and on-site detection techniques, visual detection methods have been gradually developed compared with non-visual methods such as chromatography and electrophoresis. Herein, we comprehensively review the mechanism and the latest progress of these biogenic amine detection methods; besides, we put forward the prospects for the future development of biogenic amine detection techniques, with a view to providing support for the establishment of more accurate and efficient detection, prevention and control strategies of biogenic amines.
LIU Y N, HE Y Q, LI H, et al. Biogenic amines detection in meat and meat products: the mechanisms, applications, and future trends[J]. Journal of Future Foods, 2024, 4(1): 21-36. DOI:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.05.002.
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