Introduction
猪肉是营养价值最高的动物源性食品之一,其肌肉组织中的纤维柔软、结缔组织较少、肌肉组织中含有更多的肌间脂肪。肌纤维蛋白(MP)是猪肉肌肉中的主要成分,约占蛋白质总量的60%,与肉制品的质地、结构和最终品质密切相关。先前研究表明,猪肉制品具有更强的凝胶形成能力,这主要取决于MP的理化和结构特征。MP在热诱导下形成凝胶,不仅能改善质地和形态,还能提高猪肉的持水性和颗粒黏结能力。因此,MP凝胶的特性对产品质量起着重要的影响作用,并直接影响肉制品的感官品质。
Results and Discussion
P-OVA添加量对MP凝胶质构特性的影响
蛋白质结构和氨基酸环境修饰可以通过紫外吸收光谱的变化来检测。如图5A所示,在1.0%P-OVA-MP组中观察到最高吸光度值。在二阶导数光谱中,有两个峰和谷,分别位于紫外光谱中的285、294 nm(峰值)和283、292 nm(谷值)(图5B)。285 nm处的峰归因于酪氨酸(Tyr)和色氨酸(Trp)的协同作用,而294 nm处的峰则归属于Trp。在添加P-OVA后,Trp的峰值明显向蓝移,与对照组相比,表明了更强的溶剂环境极性。还通过二阶导数吸收峰中的两个峰和谷的比率(r=a/b,其中a代表峰值(285 nm)到谷值(282 nm)的距离值,b代表从峰值(295 nm)到谷值(292 nm)的距离值来研究Tyr残基周围的微环境变化)。添加0.5%P-OVA后r值增加,添加1.0%P-OVA后r值下降。添加0.5% P-OVA后r值增加是由于微环境极性的增加。热处理后,更多的内部酪氨酸残基暴露在更多的极性环境中,导致疏水相互作用力增加,导致蛋白质聚集并强化凝胶网络结构。先前的研究还利用紫外二阶导数光谱研究了MP的结构变化。结果表明,改性MP表现出改善的凝胶特性,r值增加表明Tyr残基暴露于极性溶剂中。添加1% P-OVA后,环境的极性减小,蛋白质降解减弱了凝胶结构。与对照组相比,多次冻融循环对猪长肌肉中蛋白质结构的影响也有类似的发现,并发现r值的增加促进了疏水基团的更快暴露。添加1% P-OVA后,环境极性降低,蛋白质降解削弱了凝胶结构。
于智慧博士,山西农业大学副教授。研究方向为农产品精深加工及脂质营养。主持省基金项目2项,发表SCI论文11篇。
陈益胜教授,德国理学博士-博士后,山西农业大学(山西省农科院)高层次引进人才,山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院食品营养与检测技术研究中心(筹)负责人。2017年在德国柏林获“Dieter Jänchen Award of the Young Researcher”。多次应邀在法国里昂、德国柏林、泰国曼谷、四川成都、海南三亚等地举行的国际学术会议上做口头报告。
Zhihui Yua,1, Yating Gaoa,1, Meng Wua, Chaofan Zhaoa, Xiubin Liub, Xiaoyu Zhanga, Lixin Zhanga, Yisheng Chena,c,*
a College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
b College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
c Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
1 These authors contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.
*Corresponding author.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of phosphorylated-ovalbumin (P-OVA) at different concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%) on the gel properties of pork myofibrillar protein (MP). The results showed that the textural properties such as gel hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness were improved with P-OVA addition at 0.5%. The water holding capacity (up to 75.89%) and gel strength (up to 168.56 g·mm) of MP gel were markedly increased after P-OVA addition. The absolute value of zeta potential reached 13.85 mV and maximum hydrophobicity (15.2 μg) resulted from the addition of 0.5% P-OVA. The storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G’’) of MP gel were significantly increased from 50°C, and the G’ and G’’ significantly increased after 1.0% P-OVA addition, evidencing that the cross-linking effect of MP protein gel was enhanced. In addition, the P-OVA addition improved the structure of MP gel protein by reducing the α-helix, while increasing the β-sheet and the r-value (the ratio between two ultraviolet second-derivative peak-to-trough distances), which further promoted the uniform and compact gel network structure. This work demonstrated that P-OVA is a highly effective modifier that significantly improves the quality of MP gel. From a view of practice, 0.5% P-OVA is the optimal addition amount.
YU Z H, GAO Y T, WU M, et al. Effects of phosphorylated ovalbumin on the quality of pork myofibrillar protein gel: an insight into gelling and physicochemical properties[J]. Journal of Future Foods, 2024, 4(2): 149-158. DOI:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.06.006.
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