Introduction
金针菇(Flammulina velutipes),是世界上种植和消费最广泛的食用菌之一,以其独特的味道、食用和药用价值而闻名。作为蛋白质、膳食纤维和生物活性化合物的绝佳来源,金针菇具有多种医疗功能,如抗氧化、抗癌、免疫调节和降低胆固醇的活性。
Results and discussion
游离氨基酸
表1 4 组金针菇样品中的游离氨基酸水平
电子舌
电子舌头可以全面测量蘑菇的味道参数,这与人类的感官评价相对相关。如表2所示,测量了6 种口味值,包括酸味、涩味、鲜味、咸味、甜味和苦味(酸味、涩味、咸度为负数,其他为正数)。在这项研究中,作者比较了治疗组和对照组的味道值,这是基准。所有组的金针菇样品之间的味觉值差异可以直接感知(图2)。关于鲜味,发现E2的鲜味显著高于其他组(P<0.05),是对照组的1.22 倍。本研究中的鲜味值在9.56至11.65之间。因此,作者团队的发现表明EUC值可以很好地反映样品中鲜味的差异。与鲜味相对应,咸度和甜味也在E2达到峰值。然而,E2的酸味、涩味和苦味最低,这可以归因于鲜味对酸味和苦味的抑制作用。此外,鲜味还能增加咸度,调节甜度。然而,发现甜氨基酸在甜氨基酸和5′-IMP之间显示出鲜味的协同效应。一般来说,E1和E2的鲜味、咸味和甜味较高,但酸味、涩味和苦味较低。然而,E3组显示出比对照组更多的6 种口味值。电子舌头的结果表明,添加MRFB可以获得更好的鲜味。
营养成分
PCA分析
Conclusion
a College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
As one of the most appealing edible mushrooms, the quality of Flammulina velutipes can be affected by the cultivation substrate, which has an impact on the mushroom umami taste and nutrients. In our study, the effect of mushroom root fermentation broth (MRFB) based substrate on umami taste and nutrients of F. velutipes were evaluated; four proportions of MRFB were conducted (CK 0%, E1 6.7%, E2 13.4%, E3 20.1%). Results indicated that MRFB was an effective nutrient supplement for mushroom cultivation substrate. E2 and E3 showed higher crude fiber, crude fat, and soluble protein. Compared to CK, the content of monosodium glutamate-like (MSG-like) amino acids, essential amino acids, total amino acids, and total 5′-nucleotides in E2 and E3 were higher. The equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values in E1, E2 and E3 were 1.70, 2.43 and 1.56 times that of CK, respectively. Higher umami, saltness and sweetness taste values were found in E2. Thereby, it signified that better umami and richer nutrients were achieved by using substrate with proper volume of MRFB, especially, E2 with 13.4% of MRFB. Overall, better mushroom quality could be derived from the application of MRFB in cultivation. MRFB was a favorable nutrient supplement for F. velutipes cultivation substrate.
WANG Z J, BAO X J, XIA R R, et al. Effect of mushroom root fermentation broth on the umami taste and nutrients of Flammulina velutipes[J]. Journal of Future Foods, 2023, 3(1): 67-74. DOI:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.09.010.
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